Judicial Review of Executive Action

1. Presidential Reference on Governor's Powers

2. Jurisdiction: India (2025)
3. Original Case: Special Reference No. 1 of 2025 (Presidential Reference on Powers of the Governor and President re: Assent, Withholding, or Reservation of Bills)
4. Key Figures: President Droupadi Murmu (Referring Authority), Union of India (represented by Attorney General R. Venkataramani and Solicitor General Tushar Mehta), State of Tamil Nadu (represented by Senior Advocates Abhishek Manu Singhvi and P. Wilson), State of Kerala (represented by Senior Advocate K.K. Venugopal), State of West Bengal (represented by Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal), Supreme Court of India (Constitution Bench led by Chief Justice B.R. Gavai)
5. Case Tags: Constitutional Reference;Governor's Discretionary Powers;Federalism and State Autonomy;Judicial Review of Executive Action