Political Persecution

A case involving the elimination of a political opponent under the guise of legal punishment.

1. The Execution of Kong Rong

2. Jurisdiction: China (208 AD)
3. Original Case: 孔融被诛案
4. VictimsKong RongDefendantsCao CaoPlaintiffsXi LuLu CuiProsecutorsLu CuiJudgesCao CaoInstitutionsHan Imperial Court
5. Case Tags: Political Persecution;Freedom of Speech;Filial Piety;Collective Punishment

1. Case of Man Chong Interrogating Yang Biao

2. Jurisdiction: China (Eastern Han Dynasty) (197 AD)
3. Original Case: 满宠考讯杨彪案
4. VictimsYang BiaoPlaintiffsCao CaoInvestigatorsMan ChongDefense AttorneysKong RongXun YuJudgesMan ChongInstitutionsOffice of the Prefect of Xu
5. Case Tags: Political Persecution;Ancient Chinese Law;Three Kingdoms History;Judicial Torture

1. The Rebellion Case of Liu Ying, Prince of Chu

2. Jurisdiction: Eastern Han Dynasty (China) (70 AD (13th Year of Yongping))
3. Original Case: 楚王刘英谋反案
4. VictimsEmperor Ming of HanDefendantsLiu YingWang PingYan ZhongPlaintiffsYan GuangInvestigatorsHan LangYuan AnProsecutorsImperial CensorsJudgesEmperor Ming of HanInstitutionsHan Imperial CourtTingwei (Ministry of Justice)
5. Case Tags: Political Persecution;Mass Punishment;Religious Persecution;Historical Injustice Case

1. Ma Yuan's Unjust Case

2. Jurisdiction: China (49 AD)
3. Original Case: 马援蒙冤案
4. VictimsMa YuanDefendantsGeng ShuLiang SongPlaintiffsGeng ShuLiang SongInvestigatorsLiu XiuProsecutorsLiang SongJudgesEmperor Guangwu of HanInstitutionsEastern Han Imperial Court
5. Case Tags: Political Persecution;Confiscation of Fief;Defamation of a Deceased General;Eastern Han Dynasty Case

1. The Case of Yu Qing Renouncing Office to Rescue Wei Qi

2. Jurisdiction: China (Warring States Period - States of Zhao, Wei, Qin) (ca. 265 BC)
3. Original Case: 虞卿弃相救魏齐案
4. Key Figures: Yu Qing (Minister of Zhao), Wei Qi (Former Chancellor of Wei), Fan Ju (Chancellor of Qin), King Zhaoxiang of Qin, Lord Pingyuan (Zhao Sheng)
5. Case Tags: Harboring a Fugitive;Revenge;Political Persecution;Righteous Defiance

1. Case of Lord Mengchang Imprisoned in Qin

2. Jurisdiction: State of Qin, Warring States China (present-day Shaanxi) (circa 299 BC)
3. Original Case: 孟尝君被囚于秦案
4. Key Figures: Lord Mengchang (Tian Wen), King Zhaoxiang of Qin, Mengchang's retainers (including a dog-mimic thief and a cock-crow imitator), the king's favorite concubine
5. Case Tags: False Imprisonment;Political Persecution;Escape from Custody;Abuse of Power

1. The Case of Qu Yuan's Exile

2. Jurisdiction: State of Chu, Warring States China (present-day Hubei and Hunan provinces) (circa 304 BC (first exile); circa 296 BC (second exile))
3. Original Case: 屈原流放案
4. Key Figures: Qu Yuan (屈原), King Huai of Chu (楚怀王), Shangguan Dafu (上官大夫), Jin Shang (靳尚), King Qingxiang of Chu (楚顷襄王)
5. Case Tags: Political Persecution;Defamation and False Accusation;Abuse of Royal Power;Miscarriage of Justice

1. The Case of Shang Yang Being Denied Lodging While Fleeing

2. Jurisdiction: State of Qin, Warring States China (338 BC)
3. Original Case: Case of Shang Yang Fleeing and Being Refused Board at an Inn
4. Key Figures: Shang Yang (Lord Shang), the Innkeeper, King Huiwen of Qin
5. Case Tags: Legal Irony;Strict Legalism;Political Persecution;Collective Punishment

1. Luan Ying's Return to Jin and the Fan Xuanzi's Extermination of the Luan Clan Case

2. Jurisdiction: Jin State, China (Spring and Autumn Period) (552 BC – 550 BC)
3. Original Case: 栾盈入晋、范宣子讨灭栾氏案
4. Key Figures: Luan Ying (Luan Cheng), Fan Gai (Fan Xuanzi), Duke Ping of Jin, Xu Wu, Luan Qi, Qu Jian, Shi Yang
5. Case Tags: Political Persecution;Clan Extermination;Treason;Power Struggle

1. Shu Xiang's Imprisonment and Qi Xi's Plea

2. Jurisdiction: Jin State (present-day Shanxi, China) (Around 552 BCE)
3. Original Case: 叔向被囚、祁奚请免案
4. Key Figures: Shu Xiang (Yangshe Xi), Qi Xi, Fan Xuanzi, Duke Ping of Jin, Yangshe Hu (Shu Xiang's half-brother)
5. Case Tags: Collective Punishment;Kin Liability;Political Persecution;Judicial Mercy

1. The Case of Fan Xuanzi Expelling Luan Ying and Executing the Ten Families Including Ji Yi

2. Jurisdiction: Jin State, Spring and Autumn Period China (552 BC)
3. Original Case: 晋范宣子逐栾盈、杀箕遗等十家案
4. Key Figures: Fan Xuanzi (Shi Gai), Luan Ying, Luan Qi (Luan Ying's mother), Ji Yi, Huang Yuan, Jia Fu, Sikong Jing, Bing Yu, Dong Shu, Bing Shi, Shen Shu, Yangshe Hu, Shu Ba, Yangshe Chi, Yangshe Xi
5. Case Tags: Treason;Political Persecution;Banishment;Mass Execution